Kinetic investigation of the OH + CH3Br reaction between 248 and 390 K     

A. Chichinin  S. Teton  G. Le Bras  G. Poulet 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1994,18(3):239-245

The rate parameters for the reaction of the OH radical with CH₃Br have been measured using the discharge flow-electron paramagnetic resonance method. The result isk ₁=(1.86±0.48)×10^–12 exp[–(1230±150)/T] cm³ molecule^–1 s^–1. This value is compared to earlier data and is found to be in excellent agreement with the most recent results, which greatly increases the accuracy of the ozone depletion potential of CH₃Br which can be derived from these kinetic data.  相似文献   

硫酸亚铁铵氧化还原滴定法测定钠硝石中硝酸根的含量     

彭玉玲  唐妙红 《岩矿测试》2007,26(2):165-166

试样用盐酸分解，硫酸亚铁铵将硝酸根还原为氧化氮，用重铬酸钾标准溶液滴定剩余二价铁。由消耗硫酸亚铁铵的量换算成硝酸根含量。对盐酸的用量、样品的煮沸时间进行了试验。对实际钠硝石样品重复测定8次．方法的精密度（RSD）为0．73％～2．00％，加标回收率为99．0％～101．0％。方法适用于钠硝石矿石中1％以上的硝酸根测定。  相似文献   

硫酸铵溶液淋滤-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定离子相稀土分量的方法优化   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张磊  周伟  朱云  屈文俊  樊兴涛  李迎春 《岩矿测试》2018,37(5):518-525

离子吸附型稀土中离子相稀土的准确测定对稀土矿体资源评价具有重要意义。离子相稀土以羟基或水合羟基的形式吸附在黏土矿物上,可与强电解质(Mg~(2+)、NH_4~+等)交换解吸进入溶液。前人以硫酸铵为淋滤液,实现了离子相稀土的解吸、提取,但在溶液浓度、浸取过程等方面选择各异,淋滤浸取率(60%～90%)差异大,未形成高效、统一的浸取方法,不利于离子相稀土元素的精确测定。本文通过对比实验规范了硫酸铵淋滤离子相稀土的各项淋滤参数(固液比、硫酸铵浓度、样品最佳称样量、浸泡时间),减少了淋滤过程中离子相稀土的损失,浸取率达到88%～98%,进而利用ICP-MS测定离子相稀土分量。方法检出限为0. 05～5. 11 ng/g;三类岩性离子吸附型稀土样品的精密度为:火山岩1. 80%～10. 01%,变质岩1. 06%～7. 27%,沉积岩1. 72%～7. 58%。协作实验室的分析结果验证了本方法的可靠性和准确性。本方法操作简便,分析效率高,为建立相关的行业标准乃至国家标准奠定了基础。  相似文献   

硫酸氢铵与石棉尾矿混合焙烧浸取MgO过程分析     

孙红娟  宋鹏程  彭同江  谭道永  张海阳 《岩石矿物学杂志》2015,34(6):853-859

主要化学成分是SiO2和MgO的石棉尾矿与作为化学助剂的硫酸氢铵混合焙烧后可提取MgO并分离出活性SiO2残渣。本文研究了这一焙烧过程中主要金属氧化物的浸取率(以MgO表征)、焙烧产物水浸残渣剩余量及其与物相组成之间的相互关系,获得了优化的混合焙烧工艺参数,并结合焙烧水浸产物的物相变化,分析了焙烧过程中矿物和生成物的变化。结果表明,在NH4HSO4/MgO(摩尔比)为4、焙烧温度为500℃、焙烧时间为2 h、尾矿粒度为120目的条件下,石棉尾矿中的矿物分解最为彻底,MgO提取率最高;焙烧过程中,水镁石、方解石和富铬斜绿泥石反应活性高,蛇纹石次之,滑石最差;石棉尾矿中的金属氧化物与硫酸氢铵反应形成可溶硫酸盐,而硅氧四面体骨架转变成无定形活性SiO2残骸。研究结果对石棉尾矿的资源化利用和环境保护具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Identification of Regional Sources of Methyl Bromide and Methyl Iodide from AGAGE Observations at Cape Grim,Tasmania     

M.?L.?Cox  G.?A.?Sturrock  P.?J.?FraserEmail author  S.?T.?Siems  P.?B.?Krummel 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,50(1):59-77

There are large uncertainties in identifying and quantifying the globally significant sources and sinks of methyl bromide (CH₃Br) and methyl iodide (CH₃I). Long-term, quasi-continuous observations can provide valuable information about their regional sources, which may be significant in the global context. We report 3 years of in situobservations of these trace gases from the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gas Experiment) program at Cape Grim, Tasmania (41 °S, 145 °E). The average background levels of CH₃Br and CH₃I during March 1998–March 2001 were 8.05 and 1.39 ppt (dry air mole fractions expressed in parts per 10¹²), respectively. The CH₃Br background data showed little seasonal variability. Trajectory analyses reveal that air masses showing elevated CH₃Br levels at Cape Grim have had significant contact with coastal-terrestrial and/or coastal-seawater and/or urban source regions. The CH₃I background data showed a seasonal cycle with a 3-year average amplitude of 0.47 ppt and maximum concentrations in summer, suggesting that the Southern Ocean is a significant source.Trajectory analyses reveal that air masses showing highly elevated CH₃I levels at Cape Grim have had significant contact with coastal-terrestrial and/or coastal-seawater regions and/or the open-ocean regions of Bass Strait and the Tasman Sea.  相似文献   

Factors Influencing Nitrogen Speciation in Coastal Rainwater   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R.?J.?KieberEmail author  M.?S.?Long  J.?D.?Willey 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,52(1):81-99

Rainwater was collected from 129 rain events between February 2002 and August 2003 and analyzed for ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃⁻), organic nitrogen (ON) and free amino acids (AA). Inorganic nitrogen (NO₃⁻ + NH₄⁺) was the dominant form of N representing 85% of total nitrogen based on volume-weighted averages. The remainder of the N occurred as organic nitrogen species of which free amino acids contribute approximately 17%. A significant, and in some cases the majority (> 75%), of the remaining ON could be accounted for by macromolecular uncharacterized humic like substances. This has important ramifications with respect to the long range transport of atmospheric ON because humic materials are recalcitrant and therefore may travel long distances from their source. There was a distinct seasonality to the N speciation data with maximum concentrations of NH₄⁺, ON and AA occurring in the spring. Air-mass back trajectory analysis indicates there is a strong anthropogenic component to the NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺ and AA signal but not ON. There was a strong positive correlation between amino acid concentrations and ammonium which suggests they have similar sources and sinks in rainwater. Finally, large episodic additions of NH₄⁺ and AA during tropical events could significantly impact short term bioavailable N budgets in estuaries impacted by these storms. Approximately three times as much NH₄⁺ and AA were deposited during Hurricane Isabel (317 μ moles ⋅ m⁻² and 84 μ moles ⋅ m⁻² respectively) compared to the mean impact of average summertime rain events at this location.  相似文献   

A study of bromide in the Mandovi-Zuari river system of Goa     

Francisca P. de Souza  V.N.Kamat Dalal 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(4):601-606

Bromide was the subject of detailed investigation in the Mandovi-Zuari river system and information was compiled on its spatial and temporal distribution. A simple mixture relation of Carpenter et al. was applied and seawater percentage and bromide concentrations were computed. The variation of bromide with chlorinity was linear indicating the purely conservative character of bromide and its seawater origin. Seawater ranged between 1 and 3% in monsoon, 76 and 91% in post-monsoon and 92 and 97% in pre-monsoon in the Mandovi-Zuari river system. As the bromide concentration varied linearly with chlorinity both longitudinally and depthwise, it followed that bromide exhibited a simple distribution pattern established by conservative mixing.  相似文献   

Effect of changes in water salinity on ammonium, calcium, dissolved inorganic carbon and influence on water/sediment dynamics     

P. Lpez 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,56(5-6):943-956

The effect of a sudden increase in salinity from 10 to 37 in porewater concentration and the benthic fluxes of ammonium, calcium and dissolved inorganic carbon were studied in sediments of a small coastal lagoon, the Albufera d'Es Grau (Minorca Island, Spain). The temporal effects of the changes in salinity were examined over 17 days using a single diffusion-reaction model and a mass-balance approach. After the salinity change, NH₄⁺-flux to the water and Ca-flux toward sediments increased (NH₄⁺-flux: 5000–3000 μmol m⁻² d⁻¹ in seawater and 600/250 μmol m⁻² d⁻¹ in brackish water; Ca-flux: −40/−76 meq m⁻² d⁻¹ at S=37 and −13/−10 meq m⁻² d⁻¹ at S=10); however, later NH₄⁺-flux decreased in seawater, reaching values lower than in brackish water. In contrast, Ca-flux presented similar values in both conditions. The fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon, which were constant at S=10 (55/45 mmol m⁻² d⁻¹), increased during the experiment at S=37 (from 30 mmol m⁻² d⁻¹ immediately after salinity increase to 60 mmol m⁻² d⁻¹ after 17 days).In brackish conditions, NH₄⁺ and Ca²⁺ fluxes were consistent with a single diffusion-reaction model that assumes a zero-order reaction for NH₄⁺ production and a first-order reaction for Ca²⁺ production. In seawater, this model explained the Ca-flux observed, but did not account for the high initial flux of NH₄⁺.The mass balance for 17 days indicated a higher retention of NH₄⁺ in porewater in the littoral station in seawater conditions (9.5 mmol m⁻² at S=37 and 1.6 mmol m⁻² at S=10) and a significant reduction in the water consumption at both sites (5 mmol m⁻² at S=37; 35/23 mmol m⁻² at S=10). In contrast, accumulation of dissolved inorganic carbon in porewater was lower in seawater incubations (−10/−1 meq m⁻² at S=37; 50/90 meq m⁻² at S=10) and was linked to a higher efflux of CO₂ to the atmosphere, because of calcium carbonate precipitation in water (675/500 meq m⁻²). These results indicate that increased salinity in shallow coastal waters could play a major role in the global carbon cycle.  相似文献   

新型表面活性剂改性粘土去除赤潮藻研究   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

吴萍  俞志明  杨桂朋  宋秀贤 《海洋与湖沼》2006,37(6):511-516

以赤潮异弯藻为主要研究对象,对其在有机高岭土和有机膨润土作用下的去除情况进行了研究。结果表明,以新型阳离子表面活性剂双烷基聚氧乙烯基三季铵盐改性后的粘土用量为0.03g/L时,在24h内对赤潮异弯藻的去除率可以达到100%,而未经改性的同样用量的粘土并没有对赤潮异弯藻表现出去除作用,这表明改性后的粘土对赤潮异弯藻的去除能力得到了显著的提高。同时还对改性粘土去除赤潮异弯藻的絮凝动力学及其对养殖生物日本对虾仔虾的生态毒性情况进行了研究,发现粘土的种类、用量,改性剂的用量及溶液的pH值等因素都能够影响体系的絮凝沉降速率,通过分析各种影响因素发现在粘土体系中引入有机改性剂是提高其除藻能力的主要因素。另外,毒性实验发现所用改性剂对养殖生物的毒性较小,半致死浓度约为61.9mg/L,比传统的季铵盐的毒性降低了50倍左右,是一种较为安全有效的粘土有机改性剂。  相似文献   

The diffusive fluxes of inorganic nitrogen across the intertidal sediment-water interface of the Changjiang Estuary in China     

HOU Lijun  LIU Min  XU Shiyuan  LU Jianjian  OU Dongni  YU Jie 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(3):48-57

1IntroductionEstuaries are the main channels linking bothland and coastal seas,through which pass matterleached from land into rivers,together with anthro-pogenic matter discharged directly into the estuaries.During the past few decades,increasing concern…  相似文献